Citrulline Malate

What Is Citrulline Malate?

Citrulline is an amino acid that is produced when the amino acid ornithine combines with carbamoyl phosphate. This happens during the urea cycle, a way that the body disposes of nitrogen waste. The excess citrulline from supplementation is thought to put the urea cycle into overdrive, sucking up the ammonia (made of three nitrogen molecules) produced by working muscles before it can produce fatigue.

Citrulline is also a by-product of the body's conversion of the amino acid arginine into nitric oxide (NO). Excess citrulline, a number of studies have shown, increases the amount of arginine in the blood, leading to increased NO production. More NO, you may have heard, means increased blood flow to muscles during exercise, which allows them to last longer under duress—and produce bigger muscle pumps to weightlifters.

L-citrulline is a naturally occurring amino acid found in food, such as watermelons, and     also made in the body. Our bodies change L-citrulline into another amino acid called L-arginine and also to nitric oxide. L-citrulline might help increase the supply of ingredients the body needs to making certain proteins.

SOURCES- watermelons,legumes,meat,fish,nuts, or can be purchased as a supplement

 Benefits of L-Citrulline
The benefit of greater amounts of NO would then mean improved blood flow which could increase nutrient delivery and waste product clearance from working muscles (e.g. plasma lactate and ammonium).

This would therefore improve muscle function and capacity to sustain activity; and subsequently reduce fatigue.

 Malate | How does it work?

So that explains how citrulline assists our ability to beat fatigue; but what about the other bit which is attached?

Malate facilitates a process called anaplerosis which is the act of replenishing component parts of the tricarboxyic acid cycle- also known as the Kreb cycle. This is a key component of aerobic respiration and how we gain energy from the use of oxygen.

Malate will influence certain anaplerotic reactions and reduce the block of the oxidative energy pathway caused by excess ammonia. It then uses lactic acid formed as a byproduct of exercise to form more pyruvate. With more efficiency of aerobic metabolism, we are then able to create more adenosine triphosphate (ATP- energy!)- Hence reducing fatigue!

In fact, upon testing, significantly more aerobically produced ATP is generated when CM is provided, showing an enhancement of oxidative processes. This study also showed significantly faster phosphocreatine level recovery following exercise and levels of both muscle PH and power were both sustained at a higher level- indicating a decreased rate of ATP formed through anaerobic metabolism.

Other plasma and muscle changes following exercise with CM supplementation include higher levels of insulin; more efficient use of branch chain amino acids during exercise; and facilitation of greater increases of growth hormone.

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